case analysis :: essays research papers

Case AnalysisFor the past two months our gross revenue on copper fitting has almost treble due to the increasing demand from the market and the competitors unsuccessful selling promotion. However, the problem rises from the overwhelming demand. Many back orders are just piled up on the store managers desk, and some of the guests lost their patience with us.What we really need right now is to limit or reduce the abnormal demand from the customers by raising the price of our products, but to gain a reputation from our customers, we should consider completing all the backorders with a original price. In a long term, the beginning to solve this inventory shortage still relies on sufficient and on-time supply from our supplies.The main reason causing this tremendous and unusual high demand from the customer is the loosing market share of our competitors. Also, there is a possibility that some customers have the false expectation astir(predicate) the future price of the market. They heard the rumor about the bell of raw copper material might go up, so they predict that the price of the copper fitting should go up as well. Consequently, they stick to make more purchases and store more inventories more than usual to save some money after the price of copper rises. After a in effect(p) discussion with our marketing and warehouse managers, we found a strategy to solve this inventory shortage crisis. We can purchase overstocked merchandises a really low cost from our competitors, since their business is slow, and they do not have enough cash flow. Since most of our competitors are local, we can save a bundle from the shipping and handling if we sully their products. But the disadvantage of this is that it might confuse our customers, because the products we purchase from other companies have their own logos. It might become an opportunity for our competitors to get free advertisement on their products through our market chain. We can also begin placing big orde rs to our supplier to prevent future shortage. However, downside of this is the risk for overstock inventory. The price of copper fitting is very hard for us to foresee, if the price of fitting drops due to other companies new wave of promotions or other macroeconomic influences, then it will slow our sales down as well as our cash flow.

Henry II :: European Europe History

Henry IIDefend or disagree this bidding Henry was little more than a child himself, therefore he was a weak and ineffectual king. I disagree with this statement. Henry II defeat Stephen of Bloiss armies in 1153 and compelled the king to choose him as his successor. Upon Stephens death in 1154, Henry II became king at the age of twenty-one. His energy was equaled only by his pipe dream and intelligence. Henry II survived wars, rebellion, and controversy to successfully rule one of the Middle Ages most powerful kingdoms. During his reign Henry II instituted important judicial reforms, establishing a centralized system of justice. He began the process of replacing the old trial by ordeal with modern court procedures. Henry II is considered the father of the incline law system and many of his practices are still followed today. Henry II ruled a kingdom that stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. He refined Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucrac y. These are not the acts of a weak child , but of a powerful and most effective kings. 2. Who was the smarter of the two, Henry or doubting Thomas? How do you know? Offer evidence to back up your answer. I believe that Henry II and Thomas were both intelligent men, and both contend a large part in shaping history. I do believe that Thomas became a man of integrity and kept his priorities straight in his allegiance to both his country and his Church. When the two came in conflict, he correctly chose to obey the Church. He stood up for what he believed and more than that he stood up for God. He is an example for all, he did not compromise his allegiance to his beliefs and morals. His

Adolf Hitlers Leadership and the Government that Follows Essay

Leadership, and the Government that FollowsMeasuring a rulers success can easily be outlined in the satire Animal Farm. The spoof is based on a totalitarian leadership. The four main characters in this book are the pigs on the farm. They go against Napoleons will and represent the white movement. The reason this story becomes prevalent in the essay is because it shows how few people can turn nearly a society. Orwell describes in animal farm just how he got his idea for the novel. I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, tearaway(a) a huge cart-horse along a narrow path, whipping it whenever it tried to turn. It struck me that if only such animals became aware of their strength we should have no creator over them, and that men exploit animals in a lot the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat. This is the exact idea that Adolf Hitler had. If the people knew just how much strength they had as a safe and sound, it was enough to over throw the power of one man. In Animal Fa rm, the pigs didnt feel as if they were being tough equ onlyy and were able to over throw one leader who just so happens to be Mr. Frederick, the tough owner of Pinchfield who portrays Germany, or in finer terms, Adolf Hitler.Adolf Hitler was a dictator of the German Nazi movement. He was born April 20, 1889 in the small Austrian town of Braunau. After a prior act in simple school, Adolf soon became rebellious and began failing in the Realschule, which is a college preparatory school. After going through this dispute he finally left school all together by 1905. He refused to give in to the normal training of a regular job, so he began his years of amateur painting and dreaming of becoming a famous artist. This is the part many do no know of Hitler. He was ver... ...d in a communism no one rules essentially and with no power there are different eqallines which causes unfair rules and ends in the failure of a country.The reason why America is as strong as we are is because we hav e the democracy needed to have everyone living in peace. There are its downfalls, every country experiences them, yet our strenth as a whole picks us up everytime. It is the strenth created, practiced, and performed by the people which makes Americas leadership the best one to live under. Every person wants the chance to live in America, and its because of the system established that makes it so desirable. Leaders such as Adolf Hitler were great dictators, yet lacked the knowledge to keep their country the strongest in the world. Our laws and legislations are not unendingly fair or right, but they adhere well to everyone and has set guidelines for us all.

Mental Categorization and Development :: Psychology Jean Piaget Essays

Mental Categorization and DevelopmentMissing Works CitedJean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, explained cognitive development in a way that may be useful in understanding the story of our story of evolution. He explained that in order to understand and function in our world, we orchestrate thoughts and behaviors into systems, and argon in a continual process of adapting our mental systems to better make sense of our surroundings. He calls these systems schemes and defines them as the basic building blocks of thinking, or tools for be able to mentally represent objects and events. They can be very simple like a scheme for throwing a ball, and get more intricate like a scheme for playing baseball. Throughout development, new schemes arise and they become more organized to better make sense of the environment. Schemes become more complex and better organized through adaptation, which Piaget explains is a mixture of two different processes assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation oc curs when one makes sense of something in the environment by registration it into an already established scheme. This may or may not work. For example, most things of similar body shape that swim in the water can be understood and fit into a fish scheme. However, when one encounters a whale, it may not fit into ones previous schemes, or what one understands to be a fish or a mammal. In that case, one has to accommodate, or change their schemes in order to make sense of new information. These processes most practically dont occur in isolation, but are done together constantly to make sense of the world. In some situations, when the information we are getting from the environment is too complex, the information is left out entirely. As our understanding of the world expands, Piaget explains, it also severalizes into categories. Expansion and fragmentation also seems to be a universal natural biological principal. Liquids and gases spread out to the boundaries of their containers, a nimals disperse on land, and humans have managed to explore even the uninhabitable territory of space. Animals often divide themselves into herds or flocks, while humans divide themselves into cultures, societies, and families. Expansion and division seem to be inherent and interconnected in other realms as well. The human constructs of devotion and literature expand through time as they build on past stories. The more the wealth of knowledge, beliefs, and history expands, the more categories we define to separate them.

Solar Hot Water Systems and Materials of Construction :: essays research papers

The materials employ in solar hot water systems must be carefully chosen to ensure that the unit will be efficient but also affordable. The efficiency of the conversion of sunlight brawniness to heat energy of the water depends on the materials of construction and the efficiency of heat graft of the materials. Solar hot water systems use the processes of conduction to absent the heat absorbed from the sun to the water and convection to move water through and through their structure. This assignment discusses the materials used in construction of solar hot water systems and their heat transfer properties.2.0 ConductionConduction is the process of transferring energy through a material from wholeness point to an new(prenominal). Conductivity (k) is the rate at which the energy is transferred and its units are Watts per metre Kelvin or (W/mK). The higher the rate of conductivity the faster energy is transferred through the material. Conduction can occur in two different ways in s olids the first is by crystal vibration waves (phonons) where particles of high kinetic energy vibrate rapidly and bump into other particles to transfer energy from one point to another. The second way is by delocalised electrons or unaffectionate moving electrons which transfer energy throughout materials much better than atoms do, as their energy to mass ratio is much higher than that of atoms. This allows the electrons to travel much faster throughout a substance and transfer energy faster. For a material to be a good conductor of kinetic or electrical energy it requires both methods of conduction, which is effectuate in metals and some other materials (i.e. graphite). The conductivity of a solar hot water systems materials are important ie. adequate insulation is demand to prevent energy being lost to the units surroundings. Materials for the pipes should not resist the transfer of thermal and kinetic energy being passed through the pipes to the water in the collector panel ( shown in Fig 1.). The conductivity (k) of a material can be described by the following equation. The contribution of ke increases with free electron concentration. Copper is an abundant, cheap metal with great thermal and electrical conductivity. It is strong, malleable and ductile making it an ideal material for water pipes. Copper has a thermal conductivity (k) value of 398 W/mK, which is below silvers thermal conductivity of 428 W/mK however still much larger than other metals such as Aluminium (247 W/mK) or steel (60 W/mK).

Solar Hot Water Systems and Materials of Construction :: essays research papers

The materials used in solar hot body of water system systems must be conservatively chosen to ensure that the unit will be efficient but also affordable. The efficiency of the conversion of sunlight energy to heat energy of the water depends on the materials of construction and the efficiency of heat transfer of the materials. Solar hot water systems use the attendes of conduction to transfer the heat absorbed from the sun to the water and convection to move water through their structure. This assignment discusses the materials used in construction of solar hot water systems and their heat transfer properties.2.0 ConductionConduction is the process of transferring energy through a material from one point to another. Conductivity (k) is the rate at which the energy is transferred and its units are Watts per metre Kelvin or (W/mK). The high(prenominal) the rate of conductivity the faster energy is transferred through the material. Conduction can occur in two different musical mod es in solids the first is by crystal vibration waves (phonons) where particles of high energising energy vibrate rapidly and bump into other particles to transfer energy from one point to another. The second way is by delocalised electrons or free moving electrons which transfer energy throughout materials much better than atoms do, as their energy to mass ratio is much higher than that of atoms. This allows the electrons to travel much faster throughout a substance and transfer energy faster. For a material to be a good conductor of kinetic or electrical energy it requires both methods of conduction, which is found in metals and some other materials (i.e. graphite). The conductivity of a solar hot water systems materials are important ie. adequate insulation is required to prevent energy being lost to the units surroundings. Materials for the pipes should not resist the transfer of thermic and kinetic energy being passed through the pipes to the water in the collector panel (shown in Fig 1.). The conductivity (k) of a material can be described by the following equation. The contribution of ke increases with free electron concentration. Copper is an abundant, cheap metal with great thermal and electrical conductivity. It is strong, malleable and ductile reservation it an ideal material for water pipes. Copper has a thermal conductivity (k) value of 398 W/mK, which is below silvers thermal conductivity of 428 W/mK however still much larger than other metals such as Aluminium (247 W/mK) or steel (60 W/mK).

Ohio Public School Funding Essay

Ohio public direct support is complicated. Funding of public schools in Ohio is trough evinces combination i. e. federal government change about 6 percent, Ohio state 44 percent while the local tax account to more than 50 percent. The formulas for school bread and butter atomic number 18 provided by the state and this determines the amount that is received by each territory. As a result more blotto districts often remonstrate more amounts than less wealthy districts.On the other hand the state set up the guaranteed amount that each district is supposed to raise and these amounts are non based on the actual expenses that are used to fund the schools (Brandt, 2003). The delegation of responsibilities of funding to local districts and heavy reliance on property tax in Ohio, have contributed to inequalities for school children across the country From the clock time the first decision was released in 1997, there have been substantial benefits, although the decisions from the au tonomous Court have not been enforced.In this adherence this newsprint will focus on the governance of school funding in Ohio State and how the public and supreme court has responded to the system. In addition the paper will focus on the current plans of funding, Ohio school expenditure and potential solution to the system (Brandt, 2003). Public school funding in Ohio The system of funding of public schools relies much on local districts property tax and this has resulted to big differences since the system depends on the amount of money the district is able to raise. The system has caused problems for the low-down suburban, rural and even urban schools.For example, in 2003, Coshocton County raised only 7,529 US dollars while Cuyahoga County was able to raise 17,735 US dollars of school funding from the property taxes and state. in that respect are inequalities and some public schools use Xeroxed copies or outdated textbooks. Some of the buildings in which the school children a ttend their classes have been condemned. Other school struggle to raise money to cater for basic needs such as paying school librarian. Some individual say that the problem is due to lack of parcel out that is exhibited by poor schools.However, considering the efforts people make ion paying tax, individuals in poor districts contribute large portion of money that they have but they are not in a position to raise as much money as the wealthy districts. In addition wealthy districts have valuable properties that buzz off a lot of money as compared to poor districts. The state of Ohio spends a large portion of its tax on private schools. These private schools that are owned by private companies aims at making profits and do not care a bout the local tax payers. In Ohio when the value of the properties increases the state decrease its funding.The states assume that the tax from the properties is directed to school funds. On the other hand public schools do not realize increase of fun ding since local taxes are normally fixed at the property value at time of last levy. Due to the gross inequalities DeRolph Dale, along with several district schools filed a case against Ohio State in 1991, and stated that the system of funding that is used in the country is unconstitutional. The supreme court of Ohio State began to investigate this system and resulted to establishment of major decisions of the Supreme Court.In 2001, the Supreme Court declared the system as unconstitutional, and directed the general assembly to provide solution (Walker, 2005). Since that time Supreme Court made ruling on the funding system the state has responded by establishing numerous legislations in order to solve the problems of the funding system. However, the problems in funding system still exist and the state has been unable to solve them. When the first decision of Supreme Court was released in 1997, the senate president said that the Supreme Court cannot enforce its rules.In 2001, the pre sident said that Ohio State has no money and therefore Supreme Court has problems (Phillis, n. d). On the other hand following(a) the ruling of Supreme Court there is a great dramatic impact in the funding of public schools in Ohio and many public schools are being constructed and the existing schools renovated. Before 1997 the state did not have priorities to support public schools. In 1997 the decision of DeRolph I influenced the state to support public schools and since whence it have provided more than five million US dollars. Capital appropriation in the state of Ohio since 1997 for school facilities is as shown below.

Internal factors for HR planning Essay

Organisational needsA demand for goods and services in an organisation needs to be considered. If thither is a high demand of good/services, the organisations staffs have to cope with the demand or they need to employ more staff. The organisation can use sales trends to jock in planning.Technological changesWhere there is technology available, organisations can increase production without necessarily increasing in staff. Staff can be re-trained to use the technology but not wholly employees welcome technology and could be resistant to change. A skills audit can help to identify suitable staff for training.Skills requirementsIn Newham General Limited the abilities of the present workforce is a crucial piece of HR arranging as it empowers a business to resurrect a visibility of the preparation, experience and capabilities that representatives as of directly have. This is critical whether the business is capital escalated or work serious. As the nature and kind of work changes insi de of an association, so do the abilities basics.Location of productionSome organisations may look for areas where labour is cheap and fit their businesses there. The final decision will be based on whether there are sufficient qualified staffs available to do the task.Workforce profileA workforce profile is a description and analysis of the current staff. They could be questions in the profile such as the skills they have and how well they are performing. Also one of the questions could be what the age of the staff is.TeleworkingTeleworking is very(prenominal) important in HR planning and can save an expensive office cost. With Teleworking one desk is enough for a number of workers since they are all not in the office at the same time.External factors of HR planningSupply of LabourThis enables the organization to know where labour is coming from. In the event that their arrangement shows labour is originating from outside of the organization then demand job/unemployment patterns and pay rate.Labour costIn order to attract employees, an employer moldiness provide pay and conditions to match those in comparable jobs elsewhere. If an organisation finds it labour cost expensive it might relocate to areas where labour is cheap.Government policyWith the video display of new working environment agreeability benchmarks your HR office is always underweight to stay inside of the law. These sorts of regulations impact each procedure of the HR office, including employing, preparing, pay, end, and well more.Changing nature of businessA job for life used to be a standard thought in the working environment, yet now representatives require a more extensive scope of abilities and be willing to change head honcho and employment part to stay in work. long meeting expectations, adaptable working hours and telecommuting are currently typical in the work environment. Level hierarchical structures mean workers may need to move to get advancement.Unit 16 P2What are your skills? Carrying out a skills audit will help you to analyse the skills which you have developed during your research career and develop a skills profile. The profile created by the skills audit is a key instrument for CV building and confirming abilities at an interview. An abilities review will help you descry gaps in your abilities set and organize any preparation needs you may have. When you know your preparation need you can arrange for how to meet them viably.

Social Changes Outside Philippines During 19th Century in the Light of Rizal’s Life

The World in Rizals Time Political Changes Alferez, Alain Jared Aquino, Angelica Atienza, Aldrin Baluyot, Rencie Bernabe, Venzerie Rose Lomibao, Justine 2CA1 1801 The bend of Union, a legislative agreement which united Ireland and Great Britain (England and Scotland) was enacted on January 1, 1801. On 1798, the Irish Rebellion brought the Irish question to the attention of the British Cabinet, and British Prime Minister, William Pitt, was convinced that the best solution was a union.The 1799 proposal met strong opposition from a number of members and was rejected by majority of the Irish parliament. However, the government pursued in changing the oppositions view. During the 1800 session of the parliament, the Act of Union was finally passed. In comparison to Rizal Rizal crafted a large number of writings that changed many lives of raft not only in the Philippines but also in many parts of the world. And one of Rizals greatest works, published on the early clock time of Spanish colonisation of the Philippines, is his annotation of Antonio Morgas Successo de las Islas Filipinas.Dr. Jose Rizal reprinted in Paris Morgas Successo de las Islas Filipinas with his annotation. It described the history of the Philippines before the Spanish period. Rizal had shown through this work of his that the Filipinos had a purification worthy to be proud of even long before the Spaniards came the country. 1816 The American Colonization Society was created in an effort to resettle blacks and newly rationalised slaves. What is ACS? What does it do? why is it created? What was the issue with the blacks and slaves? Where? When? Who? How?TheAmerican Colonization Society(in full, The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America), founded in 1816, was the primary vehicle to support the return of freeAfrican Americansto what was considered greater freedom inAfrica. It helped to found thecolonyofLiberiain 182122 as a place for freedmen. Its founders wereHenry Cla y,John Randolph, andRichard Bland Lee. The colonization effort resulted from a mixture of motives. Free blacks,freedmenand their descendants, encountered widespread inequality in the United States of the early 19th century.In relative to Rizal Rizal evidently disliked the discrimination of rights between black and white. What event? When? Where? How did he show his opposition to discrimination? Any writings? What did he do for the blacks and the slaves? 1837 Queen Victoria becomes Queen at the age of 18. Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. It was also a time of tremendous change in the lives of British people. In 1837, some people lived in villages and worked on the land, by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in officers, shops, and factories.In relation to Rizal Rizal arrived in London and in Liverpool on May 24, 1888. For a short time, he stayed as a guest of Dr. Antonio Regidor, an exile and a practising lawyer. By the end of May, he transferre d to a new boarding house ran by the Breckett Family. It was here that Rizal met Gertrude Breckett, a true-blooded English woman. Her case with Rizal was quite different from others because it was one-way. She showed sign of being very much in love with our hero. 1861 Criminal Law Coordination Act reduced the number of capital crimes to fourMurder, High Treason, Arson and Piracy. After 1861 capital punishment was only retained for 4 crimes, murder, piracy, arson in the gallant Dockyards and high fraud In which country? England, Britain Why was CLCA reduced into four capital crimes? Why were they chosen? More details. In relation to Rizal Rizal was accused of Treason. (Accused as leader of Katipunan/ rebellion) Meaning of Treason betrayal of ones own country by waging war against it or by consciously or purposely acting to help its enemies. Why was Rizal guilty with treason? What did he do? When?Where? His writings had helped inspire the Philippine Revolutionagainst colonial rule. For 4 years Rizal remained in exile in Dapitan, where he practiced ophthalmology, built a school and waterworks, planned town improvements, wrote, and carried out scientific experiments. Then he successfully petitioned the Spanish government to labor union the Spanish army in Cuba as a surgeon but on his way to Spain to enlist, the Philippine revolution broke out, and Rizal was returned from Spain, imprisoned, and tried for false charges of treason and complicity with the revolution.Connect to Rizals martyrdom. His enemies in the government and Church were operating behind the scenes, and he was convicted. The day before he was executed he wrote to a friend I am innocent of the crime of rebellion. So I am going to die with a tranquil conscience. 1868 Queen Isabella was dethroned and replaced by Miguel Carlos dela Torre In relation to Rizal This happened in Spain (Conservatives wanted a queen as monarch) Why would the queen be dethroned by the general? In relation to Rizal Miguel Carlos dela Torre gave way to Liberalism and freedom of speech. cistron in Spanish society liberals, reformists (dela Torre) created a Republic Separated state from church. Elected, not appointed. 1869 Suez Canal was opened to the world after 10 years of construction. With quislingism with the French How much time does Suez Canal save? (saved time and effort, goods are transported) (Pwede ata ito sa relation) Everything was transported including IDEAS wherever people go. Ideas from Europe will enter Philippines because of Suez Canal In relation to Rizal Rizal passed through the Suez Canal when he was on his way to the City of Naples. 1874Former Spanish General Manuel Pavia y Rodriguez dies at Madrid, January 4 at age 67, having stop Spains first republic by his coup detat of January 1874. More details In relation to Rizal From Barcelona, Rizal moved to Madrid, the capital city of Spain. On November 3, 1882, he enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters in the Universidad Cent ral de Madrid. He also studies painting and sculpture in the Academy of Arts and took lessons in French, German and English. http//www. capitalpunishmentuk. org/hanging1. html http//legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/treason http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/American_Colonization_Society

Understanding “While the Auto Waits”

The un contendn lady in this play is one of not hardly mystery, but she is not the only one that seems to be living a facade of a conduct, a life which is far more glamorous than their own. We low gear out in the park where the entire drama takes place. Now at first glance upon his lurking and pouncing upon the dropped book I am lead to believe that he may be simply a passerby in her neck of the woods or this public park. Then as I read on and ultimately reach the end of the story I am left to believe that this young man, Mr.Parkenstacker, has been coming to this very park for quite some magazine following this same maiden. The mystery woman goes into great detail about her life, her millionsas if she is so discontent and drawn overly bored with the statures and stipulations of the upper class. She near makes it seem as if she is in a class above that of which is consider upper, as if al virtually a royal figure by the pointing of the Drake and the Prince.She makes mention of th is figures of royalty when the young man questions if she will truly be able to fall in love with just a common man. By neer offering her name to Mr. Parkenstacker she has left so much to be desired for in this short play, so much more you want to initially know about her. I start imagining if she is the heir to a textile fortune, possibly from a wealthy family with a rich history in banking on the most supreme of levels.Early on you do not even realize that Parkenstacker is doing just the same as the young lady is. They are both putting on airs as they say, each wanting to unknowingly trade shoes for a day or for an eternity even. Mr. Parkenstacker is portraying to a commoner who has not true idea of having financial authority but claiming to consider he somewhat a connoisseur of the rich and well-to-do class. He begins by attempting to ingeminate up what her life is like which leads to her expounding more on her alleged lifestyle.The young lady almost seems as if she wants out o f this dreaded long life of balls, dinners, plays, operas, and being around other people only drawn to her by her financial status or monetary circles. She is living in a valet de chambre where your name is so powerful she feels as if she cannot dare give him that small piece of information for he will surely know just who he is talking with on this park bench. Then we have a break in the play when the waitress from the restaurant across the street enters the park, evidently looking for this young lady whom we now address as Mary-Jane Parker.Claiming that she is tired of her pulling off these shenanigans and being late for work a third time and the owner being furious. The waitress is the vital part of this play for if not for her we would have left off thinking Mr. Parkenstacker was a poor common man and the aforesaid(prenominal) unknown lady was of the wealthy class. As the chauffer finally approaches Mr. Parkenstacker and the end and asks him shall he cancel the dinner reserva tions, then and only then do we see what has transpired. Mr.Parkenstacker is rattling the wealthy one and he has been attempting to ask this lady, Mary-Jane Parker out on a date for quite some time but the one time he has had the courage to approach her she has been called out in scandal. The 10-minute play While the Auto Waits by O. Henry sticks the guildine of such a work defined by the Kennedy gist based on the fact it uses two main characters, it exposes a plot almost immediately, and it brings a story full circle in such a short period of time without a change of scenes.

Student Success

Within the past nine weeks of this course I bind learned and used numerous different strategies that will help improve the continual growth in my education and discover my academic goals. Some of the strategies and dexteritys that I will agree in achieving academic victor are Axias educational resources, upholding academic honesty, dress upting and achieving my future goals, managing my time wisely, improving reading wisdom and retention skills, as salubrious as applying my reputation and larn styles.Since using Axias educational resources I feel it has brought me one step closer to achieving my academic goals. Axia College has many useful technological tools that provide easy and functional methods of learning. One of the educational tools that I tend to use often is the Center for Writing Excellence. I like this tool because it provides many useful links such as the write point checker, plagiarism checker, as well as the Grammar Mechanics that provides grammar and pun ctuation rules, notes, and definitions that follow with the skills and drills quizzes. some other tool that is helpful in achieving academic success would be the University Library. Axias University Library is a colossal tool that provides different explore engines like EBSCOhost and Gale Power Search. These search engines provide article database searches, journals, books, theses, encyclopedias and many more. Axia Library is a great search engine that is more beneficial for student success with providing the option to search peer reviewed articles, find a specific publication, choose database by subject, and view all databases alphabetically.The University Library is a useful tool that I will take advantage of in furthering my education and achieving academic success. One major think I have learned in this class was upholding academic honesty is a major and serious policy that we as students must follow. Plagiarism is presenting someone elses work, ideas, and accomplishments as y our own. I feel that plagiarism is rail at in every aspect whether or not you meant no harm plagiarism is a serious violation of the student code of conduct and carries many penalties.By me learning and understanding what plagiarism is, this allowed me to create my own work without worrying about paying the consequences for steeling someone elses lyric poem. Some examples of disciplinary actions you could receive if caught for plagiarism can complicate a failing course grade, suspension, or even expelled from the University. Some strategies I have learned to avoid plagiarism would include submitting my assignment to the plagiarism checker at the CWE prior to posting my assignment to my instructor.I have also used the technique paraphrasing the information into my own words by using the dictionary and thesaurus provided by Microsoft Word. Another strategy I have learned was to make sure I am powerful citing my sources because it indicates that I have respected the ideas of other s. I have learned that it is very important to me as a student to uphold academic honesty passim the rest of my education. Another strategy I have learned and will continue to take advantage of is setting and achieving my goals.I have the skill to set up and accomplish my future goals in life, as well as follow through with the end result in mind. One major long-term educational and career goal that I have set for myself would be to become head radiologist of a Medical Imaging Center. My short-tem goal I have set to reach my long-term goal would be to continue my current schooling with a high grade point average and bump off my bachelors in science. Some obstacles I have encountered are juggling school, work, and family responsibilities. I have learned to prioritize my goals as well as arrange and hairgrip things in order of importance.I have realized that Axia degree relates to my future goals with being able to juggle other responsibilities and have the convenience of online s chooling without a dedicated time of day to still accomplish my future goals in life. Managing time wisely is another strategy I will use to accomplish my goals. It is very important to me to manage my time because I have so many daily activities on top of getting my school work done. I know that for me to succeed in life and accomplishing my goals I need to govern aside extra time for class and studying.I also have to put time aside for working, and taking care of my other responsibilities. For me to manage my time wisely I will have to manage my goals progress as well as using school resources and technology that it provided for me. Another skill that I have learned and still are improving on would the reading and apprehension and retention skill. This is a very important skill to take advantage of for reading comprehension and mastering academic corporal. Some of these techniques include a few simple steps such as making sure to eliminate any possible distractions for example television, cell phones, etcetera.Also making sure you are in a quiet relaxed atmosphere. Analyzing your environment prior to reading to improve your comprehension is another useful technique on mastering academic hearty. Another useful tool that I have learned and will use in future courses to come to help improve mastering academic material would be the Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review study technique as well as pulling vocabulary words from material. The SQ3R is very beneficial with the concept of grasping the material and content in academic readings.The last strategy I will apply to my continual growth in education and accomplishing academic goals would be applying my personality and learning styles. Since I began distance learning I have realized that when I use certain learning strategies for my personality type and intelligence such as, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence or interpersonal intelligence it makes distance learning easier to manage. Since learning about my mu ltiple intelligences and personality type it has giving me many study techniques and strategies to apply to my future academic success.Since distance learning I have encountered people with many different intelligences and personality types allowing me to learn each others learning strategies and techniques to build and improve on my weaker learning intelligences and personality types. By making all aspects of my intelligences stronger I will become an active and responsible thinker with the skill to accomplish my goals, the will and self-awareness to learn, as well as the ability to self-manage and monitor my progress. By following these strategies I will be off to a great start in pursuing my continual growth in education and accomplishing my future academic goals.

Target Case Ananlysis

Target Corporation Patrick Caine March 18, 2013 BUS428A Seminar in Financial Management - RECOMMENDATION After careful refresh and analytic thinking of the five projects I would rank the projects in the fol unhopefuling order of attractiveness 1) The Barn 2) Whalen Court 3) Gopher Place 4) roll Remodel 5) Goldies Square. I came to this conclusion by taking into account the projects NPV and IRR disposed the size of the investment, opportunity trade/growth, and with the overall goal of adding 100 sore stores a year objet dart maintaining.The Barn was my first choice because it had the highest IRR and second highest NPV given a non so large investment. Whalen Court has the highest NPV and offers upgradeable market share opportunities and demographics. These first two are considered good options to continue Targets growth. Gopher Place has attractive IRR and NPV comparable to the prototype, while giving Target market share. Also the population growth and normal income demograph ics are favorable.The next opportunity is in the mediocre category, Stadium remodel, with the 3rd highest IRR and 4th NPV, but has higher risks as the store is deteriorating and has sales declines, which could hurt strike off image. Also the stores affirm been remodelight-emitting diode twice already. This investment might be a good idea to keep the store afloat or it might arrest to be closed. Finally Goldies Square has the lowest NPV and IRR of the projects, declining market share, and the impact of the project wont be seen till the third year. - BACKGROUNDIt is November 2006, and CFO Doug Scovanner has to review five projects along with other members of the Capital Expenditure Committee, after five projects have already been accepted. Targets management has an overarching goal to create 100 new stores a year while maintaining their strong brand image and reputation. The investment decisions should be ranked according to their value to Target, 1-5. The analysis should include review of P/L, NPV, IRR, demographics, market share, sensitivity and variance to the prototype. - ANALYSE Industry Analysis T. M. Pricing Strategy Buying Experience Costs of Shopping Target Educated / savvy shopper carry much pay less Just the right shopping Slightly more Wal-mart Bargain hunter Everyday low damage Bareb angiotensin-converting enzymes Low- determine Costco Bulk buyer Discounts on bulk buying Warehouse Membership fee + low prices As the case states, the intense competition in the retail market and has led to prices being driven down to almost cost, final resulting in very small margins. This causes the companies to focus on every part of their business, including how they want to brand themselves to consumers.This chart above gives a brief look at that picture. gross revenue growth stem from creation of new stores and organic growth through existing stores. Though new stores are expensive to build, they are needed to access new markets and represent profit pote ntial. Walmart Operates store formats similar to Target, and most Target stores operate in knowledge domains where one of more Walmart store is located. Also, the merchandising assortment crossings on many of the same items, such as food, commodities, electronics, toys and sporting goods.The success of Walmart is attributed to the every day low price pricing strategy, which also drove local independent retailers out of business. Costco Costco attracts a customer base that overlaps with Targets core customer. However, there is less overlap with respect to trade area and merchandising between Costco and Target than Walmart and Target. Costco also requires a membership to shop in the store, where Target and Walmart do not. Costco provides discount pricing for its members who all buy in bulk for membership fees in return. In 2005 the fees equaled 2% of total revenue and 72. % of operating income. This shows how important those fees can be in a high competition and low margin market. Ta rget Target emphasizes the customer experience and has the slogan Expect more. Pay less. They have been promoting their brand knowingness through large advertising campaigns. The advertising expenses in 2005 were 2% of sales of 26. 6% of operating profits. Brand and store/product quality play a larger role for Target than Walmart. Target also offers a credit card, which accounted for 14. 8% of targets operating earnings and is important in the evaluation of each project. abide ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY The Barn The project has the highest IRR, 16. 4% and the second highest NPV of $20,500. The NPV on this project is not highly sensitive. The location offers the incentive of have no nigh stores, creating a new market for Target. Additionally it requires the smallest investment amount out of the five projects. However, the market doesnt have the ideal target demographics with only 17% of adults have earned a college degree, slow general population growth and lower income individuals Wha len CourtThe project gives target the opportunity to move into an urban center, where it will not have to compete directly with other Target stores, coinciding with managements goals . The project has the highest NPV at $25,900. The project has the second lowest IRR, of 9. 8% and needs 1. 9% more sales in order to reach the total store prototype. On the other hand this project requires the largest investment of $119M (which would need board approval). This cost would be offset by the brand image to an urban area with a lot of people. Finally the building would be leased instead of owned, which might have long tern consequences.Gopher Place The project has the second highest IRR of 12. 3% relative to all of the capital project requests. The NPV of the project is above the prototype and represents an investment of $23M. The demographics in this area are attractive with 27% population growth and a median household income of $56,000. Transfer sales or cannibalization is estimated at 19% of sales from the proposed area, as there are other Target stores in the areas. There are also two new Walmart Super Stores in the area, which could pose as flagellum to competition and prices.Additionally the effects of the project wouldnt be felt until the third year, where incremental sales would increase significantly. Stadium Remodel The store has been in erupt since 1972 and has a very affluent market, where the median income is $65,921. About 42% of the market have taken 4+ years of college, which is the second highest of the projects. The $17m investment would lift the fall back sales about 17% and potentially increase the brand image. On the other hand, the store has been remodel twice since 1972. The NPV is also very sensitive to sales decline, as can be seen in the sensitivity analysis graph.Goldies Square The area is considered a key strategic location for many retailers. people growth is moderate at 16% with a median income of $56,000 and a quarter of the people ho lding a college degree. The project also has a low NPV sensitivity. However, a 45. 1% increase in forecasted sales is required to meet the prototype. The project also has the lowest NPV and IRR of all the projects being considered. Additionally, there are 12 existing Target stores operating in the market, which could potentially lead to high cannibalization.Transfer sales or cannibalization is estimated at 19% of sales from the proposed area. As a result of this competition, low sales forecasts are projected. - SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Gopher Place with initial investment $23m IRR NPV Total 12. 3% $16,755 10% Sales Decline 10. 5% $12,033 10% Sales Increase 13. 5% $21,376 Whalen Court with initial investment $119. 3m IRR NPV Total 9. 8% $25,875 10% Sales Decline 8. 8% $9,264 10% Sales Increase 10. 8% $42,522 The Barn with initial investment $13m IRR NPV Total 16. 4% $20,527 10% Sales Decline 14. 5% $16,461 10% Sales Increase 18. 3% $24,623 Goldies Square with initial investment $23. 9m IRR NPV Total 8. 1% $317 10% Sales Decline 7% $-3,765 10% Sales Increase 9. 2% $4,325 Stadium Remodel with initial investment $17m IRR NPV Total 10. 8% $15,739 10% Sales Decline 9% $7,854 10% Sales Increase 12. 3% $9,523 Given the hold over above for IRR and NPV sensitivity to changes in sales, Whalen Court seems to be the most affected with large upside potential.Other than that, the projects seem to have to same negative and positive implications given a change in sales. - QUESTIONS 1) If all else equal, and you have to decide between two projects one with a higher IRR and the other with a higher NPV, which would you favor? 2) How have population growth, income, and college degrees impacted your analysis of the projects? 3) How would different discount rates for store and credit card CF affect your recommendations? 1 . Target Corp. slickness 19 2 . Target Case

Ict and Banking Industry

A PROJECT REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND chat TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFECIENCY OF boundING INDUSTRY (IN UDAIPUR CITY) IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR predominate OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) 2007-2009 PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, UDAIPUR endure Box No. 12, Pratap Nagar Extension, Airport road Udaipur-313003 Ph 0294-2491340 E mail emailprotected om,emailprotected com Submitted by Submitted to C opena Joshi Mr. Dhiraj Jain MBA Part-2 Asstt. Professor, PIM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Industrialists in professional life be presumable and keenly aw ar of their sense of indebtness to umpteen people who have stimulated & influenced their intellectual employ in ordinarily.The feeling is formally expressed in customary gestures of literalization therefore it seems solely right to ack right offledgement my gratitude with sense of veneration to the almighty & various people helped me to work in constitutionatic & smo new(prenominal) manner. I would like to expr ess my pro entrap thanks to all the respondents who were co-operative enough and spargond their valuable condemnation in brand full up the questionnaire. Words argon not in lexicon to express my sincere sense of gratitude for my mentor, elite die hard and path Mr. Dhiraj Jain and, Prof. B.P SHARMA (Director, pacific institute of Management) whose valuable guidance insti gating encouragement creative thoughts & constructive admonition had helped me to accomplish this search work successfully. CHANDA JOSHI PREFACE The explosive growth of selective information and communication engineering (ICT) is fleetly changing the situateing manufacture and stern challenger amongst the increasing numbers of banks has resulted in highschool investiture on ICT. This report discusses the effect of ICT on banking industry ( renovation of process) in Udaipur city with reference to public and surreptitious banks.Two Questionnaires were used to collect data from diverse customers and ban k employees sepa posely the customers and bank employees accept as line up that ICT has an effect on banking industry in India. The results of content undoubtedly show the massive impact of ICT on the performance of the banking industry in India. INDEX PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. PREFACE 3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4. knowledge mightiness 5. INDUSTRY PROFILE 6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7. information INTERPRETATION 8. FINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS . RECOMMENDATIONS 10. QUESTIONNAIRE 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Advances in the banking welkin have ushered in an era of multi product and multi improvement being delivered using nonuple yet incorporated channels. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) is on the increase and encompasses nearly the entire gamut of banking operations. Rising competition and customer expectations have compelled top actment lend oneself, and continuously upgrade, agile scalable ICT practices and dissolvers.The enormity and r ange of banking operate combined with the complexity of integrated and ICT enabled li precise mechanisms require comprehensive partnerships to be figure outd between banks and grantrs of ICT solutions. ICT has a crucial determination to play in the monetary orbit in at least three almost main areas improving the range and force of banking serve easy to customers, lowering be increasing the efficiency of capital markets, and allowing for more hard-hitting regulations of all types of financial markets and related transactions.The use of ICT enables a better saving of banking go to both depositors and borrowers within a country and between countries. ICT has a central role in the operation of various capital markets such as stock markets, bond markets and foreign exchange markets, and it is intensively used by market organizers, market professionals and investors in this markets. ICT is withal an internal tool for supervisory or regulatory bodies of these markets at both national and masknational directs.This look presents the preliminary obtainings of a seek field of area to list the effect of implementation of ICT on the efficiency of banks in Udaipur. The methodology includes the collection of data by the questionnaire survey. Two types of questionnaires are to be prepared for the data collection- One questionnaire has been distri just nowed among the customers to know the efficiency of the banking serve by using ICT. The second questionnaire is to be filled by the officials of the banks, which will provide information about the need, & richness of the ICT for the efficiency of the bank.Chapter 1 INDUSTRY PROFILE INDUSTRY PROFILE What is banking? Bank may be delimitate as a financial institution which is engaged in the pedigree of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing gives and credit etc. A set of serve intend for private customers and characterized by a higher quality than the servic es offered to retail customers. Based on the model of tailor-make services, it aims to offer advice on investment funds, inheritance plans and provide active support for general transactions and the village of asset-related enigmas.The internal function of a bank is to provide services related to the storing of deposits and the extending of credit. Basic function may include Credit collection, Issuer of banking notes, Depositor of money and lending contributes. Now a days banking isnot in its handed-down office, with the advancement of technology its focusingon morecomfort of customerproviding services such as Online Banking Investment Banking Electronic Banking Internet Banking PC Banking / wandering(a) Banking E-Banking The importance of banking sector is immense in the surface and prosperity of whatsoever State or country.INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY The growth in the Indian Banking Industry has been more qualitative than quantitative and it is expected to remain the same in the coming social classs. Based on the projections made in the India Vision 2020 prepared by the Planning Commission and the Draft 10th Plan, the report forecasts that the stride of expansion in the balance-sheets of banks is likely to decelerate. The total assets of all scheduled commercial banks by end-March 2010 are estimated at Rs 40, 90,000 crores. That will comprise about 65 per cent of GDP at current market prices as compared to 67 per cent in 2002-03.Bank assets are expected to grow at an annual composite rate of 13. 4 per cent during the rest of the decade as against the growth rate of 16. 7 per cent that existed between 1994-95 and 2002-03. It is expected that there will be large additions to the capital infantry and reserves on the obligation side. Banks in India cigarette be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks constitute of commercial banks and co-operative banks. There are about 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread acr oss India. During the first phase of financial reforms, there was a communization of 14 major banks in 1969.This crucial step led to a shift from Class banking to bundle banking. Since then the growth of the banking industry in India has been a continuous process. The Public welkin Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks are making tremendous progress. They are persisters in Internet banking, busy banking, phone banking, ATMs.As far as foreign banks are concerned they are likely to succeed in the Indian Banking Industry. Indus land Bank was the first private bank to be set up in India. In the Indian Banking Industry some of the Private Sector Banks operating are IDBI Bank, ING Vyasa Bank, SBI Commercial and transnatio nal Bank Ltd, Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd,Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Bank of Rajasthan Ltd etc are some private sector banks. Banks from the Public Sector include Punjab National bank, Vijaya Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank, Allahabad Bank , Andhra Bank etc.ANZ Grindlays Bank, ABN-AMRO Bank, Ameri digest Express Bank Ltd, Citibank are some of the foreign banks operating in the Indian Banking Industry . CHAPTER-2 INTRODUCTION - Meaning of ICT The term ICT describes the use of computing device based technology and the cyberspace to make information and communication service available to a commodious rang of users. The term is used broadly to apostrophize a range of technologies, including telephones. Central to these is the Internet, which provides the mechanism for transporting data in a number of formats including text, images, sound, and depiction.Additionally, ICT deals with the application layer, the arrangements that enable information to be collected and distributed, analyzed, and pr ocessed. However, maculation ICT is in the main e defyic to different information. Needs and circumstances, its effectiveness in solving development issues still depends on the content it carries. - The refreshing Era The 21st century will bring about an all embracing convergence of computing, communication, information and knowledge. This will radically change the way we live work and think.The growth of high press forward lucres, match with the falling cost of computing power, is making possible application under romance of in the past. Voice, data, images, and television system of rules may now be transferred around the world in microseconds. This explosion of technology is changing the banking industry from paper and branch banks to digitized and networked banking services. It has already changed the internal report and management systems of banks. It is now fundamentally changing the delivery systems banks use to interact with their customers.All over the world, ba nks are still struggling to find a technological solution to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing environment. It is clear that this new-fashioned technology is changing the banking industry forever. Banks with the major power to invest and integrate information technology will become dominate in the highly competitory global market. Bankers are convinced that investing in IT is critical. Its potential and consequences on the banking industry future is enormous. - applied science and Banks Transformation -Computers are get more sophisticated. They have given banks a potential they could only dream about and have given bank customers high expectations. The changes that new technologies have brought to banking are enormous in their impact on officers, employees, and customers of banks. Advances in technology are allowing for delivery of banking products and services more conveniently and efficaciously then ever in advance- thus creating new based of competition. Rapid acc ess to critical information and the ability to act quickly and effectively will distinguish the successful banks of the future.The bank gains a vital warring reinforcement by having a direct marketing and accountable customer service environment and new, satiny billet processes. Consistent management decision support system provides the bank that competitive edge to forge ahead in the banking market place. - - Major application The advantage accruing from computerization are three-directional to the customer, to the bank, and to the employee. - For the customer - - Banks are aware of customers need for new services and plan to make them available. It has increased the level of competition and forced them to integrate the new technologies in order to satisfy there customers. They have already developed and implemented a accepted number of solutions among them - * -Self inquiry Facility - Facility for logging into undertake self inquiry terminals at the branch to inquire an d view the transaction in the account * - strange banking - Remote terminals at the customer site connected to the respective branch through a modem, enabling the customer to make inquires regarding his accounts, on-line, without having to move from is office. * -Anytime banking- anyplace banking - Installation of ATMs which offer non-stop coin withdrawal, remittances inquiry facilities. Networking of computerized branches inter-city and intra-city, will countenance customers of these branches, when interconnected, to transact from any of these branches. * - Telebanking - 24- Hour service through which enquiries regarding balances and transactions in the account can be made over the phone. - Electronic banking - This enables the bank to provide corporate or high value customers with pictorial user interface (GUI) software on a PC, to inquire about their. Financial transaction and accounts, cash transfers, chequebook issue and inquiry on rates without visiting the bank Moreover , the customer can head LC text and details on bills, and the bank can download the same. The technology used to provide this service is called electronic data interchange (EDI).It used to transmit business transaction in computer clean from between organization and individuals in a standard format. * - As information is centralized and up pick ups are available simultaneously at all places, single window service become possible, leaving to effective drop-off in waiting time. For the bank- During the last decade, banks applied IT to a gigantic range of back and preliminary office tasks in addition to a great number of new products. The major advantages for the bank to implement IT are Availability of a wide range of inquiry facilities, assisting the bank in business development and follow up. * Immediate replies to customers queries without reference to ledger-keeper as terminals are provide to mangers and chief mangers * Generation of various MIS reports & biennial returns on payable dates.. * Automatic and prompt carrying out of standing instructions on due date and generation of reports. * Fast and up-to-date information transfer enabling speedier decisions by interconnecting computerized branches and controlling offices.For the employees IT has increased this productivity through the followings * Accurate computing of cumbersome and time consuming jobs such as balancing and vex calculation on due dates. * Automatic printing of covering schedules, deposit receipts, passbook / pass sheet, exit the cater from performing these time consuming jobs, and enabling them to give more attention to the needs of customers. * cutaneous senses retrieval facility, assisting in verification of transactions, seating at their on terminal. * Avoidance of duplication of entries due to mankind of single point data entry.A search of the banking literature reveals that banks are moving rapidly to take advantage of recent and new customer service and cost reduc ing opportunities that new technologies offer. IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY The internet is rapidly becoming the information superhighway of a global electronic marketplace. The climb commercial touch ons in the internet are especially evident in front-end application such as electronic catalogs, yellow pages, storefronts, malls, and customer support centers.All this application are based on the world wide Web (WWW) the fastest growing segment of the Internet. Although back-end applications such as electronic data interchange (EDI) are equally important, their adoption has not been as rapid. One major concern is security the Internet is generally perceived as not secure enough for transmitting sensitive data such as payments. Upon a closer look, however, this view is not warranted, since technologies such as public key encryption and firewalls address essential security concerns.Moreover, such technologies are already available. The only remaining barrier is the lack of real world users of those technologies. Investing in technology According to a survey conducted by the American Bankers Association, US banks expenditure on information technology grew from $ 16. 3 billion in 1994 to $ 18. 7 billion in 1995 an increase of 14. 7%, and $ 1 billion more than the same bankers forecasted they would spend in last years survey. By 1998, the banks expect to spend $ 21. 2 billion (an increase of 7. 1%) The New pitching Systems.The increasing cost of building brick-and-mortar branches, decreasing cost of computers, high delivery cost and slow revenue growth force a relook at the conventional delivery systems. Moreover, growing comfort of technology economic consumption by the customer is rapidly fostering usage of non branch channels for routine transactions. The new system changes the focus of the branch from being a high cost transaction center to a provider of a wide range of services like telebanking, customer service kiosks, ATMs, an d remote electronic banking.New Marketing Opportunities As the new technology is so expensive banks need to use the new systems to do more than deliver information and basic services. Banks need the ability to also sell insurance and investment products to get a better return on this investment. Telephone banking can bring financial services to the home or office, especially if they are affordable screen phones. By noticing how much interest the customer expresses, the bank can market stock quotes and insurance quotes.Interactive videos are new technology that banks can make available to the customers to maintain personal contact while still lowering the expenses of delivery service. With an interactive video an expert employee is not needed in each branch. Complex life insurance products, open securities firm accounts, customized product illustrations can be widely available where needed. The interactive videos will be cost effective expertise. The internet is a medium to allow ban ks to offer products to customers outside the normal customer base of a branch.Banks are aware of the customers need for these services and plan to make them available before other sources do. THE EFFECT OF ICT ON BANKS Banks is an unusual firm because it does not produce any object or tangible product, like a farmer producing rice or Cement Companies producing bags of cement. On any business day, a bank receives information, stores information, processed information, and distributes information. A saving deposit is recorded, an entry is made in soulfulnesss account, at the right time interest is added, and the customer is periodically provided with a ummary statement. A loan application is received, a file is started, the application is assessed by a loan officer, and the client is either spurned or provided with a credit. Each of these functions can be handled by hand with ledger and pens or, today, they can be handled entirely by data entry, computers, and information systems. What ICT does for a bank is to make a dramatic reduction in the costs of treatment information and in the transaction costs to the bank and customer of handling a deposit or loan.Clearly, this reduction benefits both the bank and its customers. The impact of high transaction costs is even more acute in rural areas and gravely Inhibits access even to basic financial services. Out on-going field work shows that a formal lending rate for a farm loan of, say, 15 percent is not sufficient to switch business away from informal lenders who charge a rate of 40 percent or higher. ICT not only increase the efficiency of bank operations but permits banks to offer a wider array of services such as ATMs, telephonic banking, and computer banking.ICT facilities the deeper keenness of credit card services, thereby expediting business transaction. Behind the scenes an ICT system would permit banks to speed up inter bank check clearing and engage in electronic funds transfer such as direct debiting or salary deposits. A credit bureau would enable banks to obtain accurate and conterminous information about a customers credit history and rating, thus lowering risks, costs, and interest rates. What is perhaps less well known, is that ICT dose not merely lower information and transactions costs and improve bank efficiency and services.With the development or proper accounting and reporting standards, an ICT system also improves the ability of bank and capital market regulators to track the information they need to regulate financial markets . ICT can help takes and customs authorities to expedite revenue collections and if properly handled it can greatly reduce the potential for unwarranted side payments. Role of information technology in banking industry I. T. in Banking 1). Technology has open up new markets, new products, new services and efficient delivery channels for the banking industry.Online electronics banking, mobile banking and internet banking are just a few exampl es. 2). discipline Technology has also provided banking industry with the wherewithal to deal with the challenges the new economy poses. Information technology has been the cornerstone of recent financial sector reforms aimed at increasing the speed and reliability of financial operations and of initiatives to strengthen the banking sector. 3). The IT revolution has set the stage for unprecedented increase in financial activity across the globe.The progress of technology and the development of world wide networks have significantly reduced the cost of global funds transfer. 4). It is information technology which enables banks in meeting such high expectations of the customers who are more demanding and are also more techno-savvy compared to their counterparts of the yester years. They demand instant, anytime and anywhere banking facilities. 5). IT has been providing solutions to banks to take care of their accounting and back office requirements. This has, however, now given way t o large scale usage in services aimed at the customer of the banks.IT also facilitates the introduction of new delivery channelsin the form of machine-driven Teller Machines, Net Banking, Mobile Banking and the like. Further, IT deployment has assumed such high levels that it is no longer possible for banks to manage their IT implementations on a stand alone basis with IT revolution, banks are increasingly interconnecting their computer systems not only across branches in a city but also to other geo representic locations with high-speed network infrastructure, and setting up local area and wide area networks and connecting them to the Internet.As a result, information systems and networks are now exposed to a growing number. Technology Products (1). Net Banking (2). Credit Card Online (3). One View (4). InstaAlerts (5). Mobile Banking (6). NetSafe (7). e-Monies Electronic Fund Transfer (8). Online remuneration of Excise & Service Tax (9). Phone Banking (10). Bill Payment (11). Sh opping (12). Ticket Booking (13). Railway Ticket Booking through SMS (14). Prepaid Mobile reload (15). Smart Money Order (16). Card to Card Funds Transfer (17). Funds Transfer (ECheques) (18). Anywhere Banking (19). Internet Banking (20). Mobile Banking (21). emailprotected (i) Express Delivery 22). Cash on Tap (ii) Normal Delivery Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY question in common parlance refers to the search for knowledge. It can also be define as scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation research is a voyage of stripping . it is also verbalize to be the pursuit of truth with the help of study , observation , comparison and experiment. The happen of research in several fields of applied economics weather related to business or to economy as a whole, has greatly influenced in modern times.The increasing complex nature of business and government has focused on the use of research in solving problem. According to Kiplinger research is a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relation among natural phenomenon. Characteristic of query ? inquiry is a systematic and critical investigation into a Phenomenon ? Research is not a mere compilation, but a purposive investigation. ? It aims at describing, interpreting and explaining a phenomenon. ? It adopts scientific method. ? It is objective and logical. It is based upon the observable get word and empirical evidence. ? It is directed towards finding answers to pertinent question and Solution. Stage in Research Process ? formulating the research problem ? Choice of research design ? find out sources of data ? Designing data collection forms ? Determining sampling design and sampling size ? Organizing and conducting the field survey ? Processing and analyzing the collected data ? Preparing the research report RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Objectives of the proposed study are as under- 1) To study the effectiveness of ICT in banks of Udaipur city. (2) To study the effect of the ICT on service delivery of banks. RESEARCH DESIGN - A Research Design specifies the methods and procedures for conducting a particular study. The researcher should specify the approach he intends to use with respect to the proposed study. Broadly speaking Research Designs can be groped in to 3 categories 1. Exploratory research 2. Descriptive research 3. Casual Research For achieving the research objectives which are already stated clearly, The Descriptive Research method was adopted. SAMPLE SIZE -It describes how many employees and customers of the bank should be surveyed 25 employees and 25 customers of private as well public banks were surveyed. SAMPLING proficiency- Respondents were selected on the basis of convenience sampling in the certain private As well as public banks of Udaipur city SAMPLE UNIT - For the study two types of samples ar e to be selected (a) Customers of the banks (b) Bank Employees TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION - The following tools were used for the data collection 1. Structured questionnaire By asking the structured questions to the employees and customers by interviewing. . Review of written document some part of this study was collected from the journals and books. CHAPTER-4 DATA INTERPRETATION respective(a) banks in which these employees are working Various banks in which customers are having their accounts A. FOR THE CUSTOMERS Q. 1 TYPES OF ACCOUNTS? interpreting The preceding(prenominal) graph shows about the types of accounts of the customers in the bank. In it 76% have saving account ,12%of customers are having current & 12% 0f customers are having both type of account in the banks. Q. 2 Awareness of the changes due to ICT? commentThe in a higher place graph shows the 98% of the customers are aware of the changes due to ICT, but very less ( 2% ) of customers were unwitting of it. Q. 4 Fo r last how many years is your bank using ICT? Interpretation The76% customers respondents their bank using ICT for last 5 & above years and 24% of customer said that their bank is using ICT for the 0-5 years. Q. 5 is each department computerized? Interpretation 92% customers respond that every(prenominal) department is computerized in their bank but very few customers i. e. 8% said that every department is not computerized Q. Do you find any problem while using ICT? Interpretation The above graph shows that 60% of customers find no difficultness while using ICT, 32% said it is very difficult to understand and 8%% find it difficult to operate. Q . 7 Do you find bank staff co-operating ? Interpretation 97% of customers said that there bank staff is co-operating but 3% respond negatively. Q. 8 Do you think ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank? Interpretation above graph shows that the 82% of customers were strongly fit ind and 18% were agreed that ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank. Q. Are you contented with the banking services providing you later using ICT? Interpretation Above graph shows that the 82% of customers were strongly satisfied, 16% were agreed satisfied but only 2% were dissatisfied with the services providing to them after using ICT. Q. 10 Is any improvement need in this type of services? Interpretation Above graph shows that the 84% of customers needed improvement in ICT, 16% said that no improvement is required. B. FOR BANK EMPLOYEES Q. 1 Awareness of the changes due to I. C. T. ? Interpretation The above graph shows that awareness level of the respondents due to the hanges of I. C. T. cytosine% are aware with the changes due to the I. C. T. in the banks. Q. 2 Is your bank using I. C. T.? Interpretation The all respondents said that their bank is using information and communication technology. Q. 3 For how long I. C. T. is used in this bank? Interpretation The Above graph shows about the year of ICT using bein g used in banks . In it78% of the banks are using ICT from past 0-5 years. After that 22% of the banks are using I. C. T. from past 6-10 year. And no bank has realize to use the I. C. T . more than 11 years. Q. 4 Do you think that implementation of I. C.T. in banks is essential and effective in banks? Interpretation The above graph shows that the implementation of I. C. T. in banks is very much essential and effective . 66% of employees are strongly agree with it & 34% of employees were agree. Q. 5 Has I. C. T. brought autocratic changes in your way of working? Interpretation The above graph shows that the information and communication technology has brought very positive changes in the working way of doing job 68% respondents were strongly agree with it but the very least i. e. 2%of respondents were strongly dissent with the statement.Q. 6 Has I. C. T. brought the positive changes in this bank? Interpretation 68% of employees accepted that I. C. T. has brought positive changes i n their bank ,28% were agree with it but 4% of respondents were discord with fact. Q. 7 Do you face any problem while using I. C. T.? Interpretation 82% of the employees do not find any difficulty in using the new system. 10% of the employees find the new system difficult to understand . 8% of the employees find difficulty in operating the new system. Q. 8 Has facts of life been provided to the employees to use the new system tech. ?Interpretation The above graph shows that 42% 0f employees were strongly agree that they got the grooming to use the new system technology, 36% were agree but 20% were disagree & 2% were strongly disagree about the getting of training for using the technology. Q. 9 Has I. C. T. improved the performance of the bank employees ? Interpretation 66% of respondents were strongly agree that the I. C. T. has improved the performance in their bank, 30% were agree but the rest were disagree with this. Q. 10 Has I. C. T. lead to loss of jobs in banking sector? I nterpretationThe above graph shows that 64%0f employees were strongly agree that I. C. T has lead to loss of jobs in banking sector,16% of employees were disagree with the statement. Q. 11 Has I. C. T. affected efficiency in banking services? Interpretation The above graph shows that 68% 0f employees were strongly agree that I. C. T. has affected the banking services,30% were also agree & 2% were disagree with it. CHAPTER- 5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Findings 1. 66% of the customers respond that they are getting better services after using Information & communication technology. 2.It was found that 98% of customers & 100% of employees a were of the Changes due to new system technology. 3. It was found that 82% of customers strongly agreed that ICT has improved the Service delivery of the bank. 4. 98% of employees of employees accepted that the information & Communication technology has affected the banking service in positive Manner. 5. This was found that because of ICT has lead to the loss of jobs in banking sector. 6. During the study it was found that because of lower network connectivity Employees as well as customers were getting problem in service. . 100% of Employees as well as customers said that the implementation of I. C. T. is essential & effective in banks. Conclusion * Banks offering internet-based products and services should have reliable and secure methods to authenticate their customers. * The level of documentation used by the financial institution should be appropriate to the risk associated with those products and services. * Financial institution should conduct a risk assessment to identify the types and levels of risk associated with their internet banking application.Where risk assessments indicate that the use of single-factor authentication is lacking(predicate), financial institutions should implement multifactor authentication, layered security, or other controls reasonably calculated to mitigate those risks, the ag encies consider single-factor authentication, as the only control mechanism, to be inadequate in the case of high risk transaction involving access to customer information or the strawman of funds to other parties. * Most of the customers are satisfied with the services provided by banks. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of information & communication Technology on the efficiency of banking sector in certain private as well as public banks, It was to find out how service delivery is set up after using the ICT in banks. * The study concludes that information & communication technology plays more significant role in the increasing of the banking efficiency in both, private as well as public sector banks. RECOMMENDATIONS- ? Raise awareness and promote the concept of information &Communication technology among the customers as well as bank Employees. The method of authentication used in a specific internet application Should be appropriate and reasonable, from a b usiness perspective, In light of the reasonably foreseeable risks in that application. ? Conduct training programme once in the month. ? Encourage the use of E-Commerce by providing the better & fast Services. ? An effective authentication method should have customer acceptance, Reliable performance, scalability to accommodate growth, and Interoperability with existing systems and future plan . With the growth in electronic banking and commerce, financial Institutions should use reliable methods of originating new customer accounts online. ? Financial institutions should rely on multiple layers of controls to prevent fraud and safeguard customers information. ? Recognize the needs of employees while using the ICT. ? should provide the fast & regular ICT services so that employees can deliver the fast services & customers can gat the better services. ? The daily updating & awareness of new changes in ICT must be in Practice.LIMITATIONS ?The research conducted was limited to Udaipur C ity only. ?Findings of the study are based on the assumption that respondents have Divulged the correct information. ?The study is confined to selected groups of employees & customers in banks of Udaipur city. ? Few respondents were so much occupied with their work that they could not Spare time to fill the questionnaire. ?Due to unwillingness of providing any information, the respondents Filled the questionnaire casually which might have affected the conclusion.BIBLIOGRAPHY www. google. com www. rediff. com Kothari. C. R Research methodology methods & techniques Questionnaire 1 FOR BANK EMPLOYEES Contact Person________________________________________________ Age______ Gender_____ Designation_______ Phone No. _____________ Official Address_______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Q. 1Are you a were of the changes due to information and communication Technology in banking system? Yes No Q. 2 Is your Bank using I. C. T.? Yes No Q. 3If yes, for how long I. C. T. is used in this bank? 0 5 6 10 11 and above Q. 4Do you think that implementation of ITC is essential and effective for Banking sector? A) curb B) discord C) powerfully Agree D) strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 5Has ICT Brought Positive changes in your working way of doing job?A) Agree B) take issue C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 6Do you think that ICT has brought Positive changes in this bank? A) Agree B) disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 7What problem do you face while using this new system technology? A) Difficult to operate B) Difficult to Understand C) Easy Q. 8Did you get training to use the new system technology?A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 9Do you think ICT has improved the performance of employees in this bank? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagre e E) neutral Q10Do you think ICT has lead to loss of jobs in banking sector? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 11Has ICT affected the productivity / efficiency in Banking services? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree E) neutral Q. 12Is any improvement required? Yes No Questionnaire 2 FOR CUSTOMERS Contact person_________________ Age ____________ Gender__________________ Educational Qualification Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Other specify Q1. What type of Account do you operate?A) Saving B) Current C) other specify Q. 2For how long have you been using this bank? A) 0 5 B) 5 10 C) 10 15 15 and above Q. 3Are you aware of the changes due to information and communication Technology in banking system? A) Yes B) No Q. 4For last how many years your bank is using I. C. T.? A) 0 5 B) 5 and Above Q. 5Is every Department is computerized? A) Yes B) NO Q. Do you find any problem while using this new system technology? A) Difficult to operate B) Difficult to understand C) Easy Q. 7Do you find Bank staff co-operating? A) Yes B) NO SQ. 8Did you get any help services to use new system technology? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree D) soggy Q. 9 Do you think ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank ?A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree D) Neutral Q. 10Are you satisfied with the Banking services providing you after using I. C. T.? A) Agree B) Disagree C) Strongly Agree D) Strongly disagree D) Neutral Q. 11Do you have account in both public sectors Bank as well as in private sector Bank? A) Yes B) No Q. 12if any improvement required? A) Yes B) No

Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism

The paper Borderlands Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism by Robert Bartholomew discusses heathen differences i. e. what is considered normal and rational in one culture may be considered abnormal in others. Therefore, the beginning analyzes different attitudes towards human actions (e. g. suicide), and provides overview of pagan relativism and psychiatry. The authors thesis is that people interpret the world depending on their social and heathen context. He argues that science cant be applied to identifying and treating abnormality.Bartholomew says that normality is non an objective given from which simple assessments of behaviour can be rendered independent of historical era, culture, or theme. (P. 36-37) Normality is defined by cultural background and cultures have their own interpretations what to consider rational or irrational. For example, suicide is not acceptable in Western countries, whereas it is considered normal in Japan. Further, Bartholomew defines cultu ral relativism as surmise of knowledge which is responsible for working out criteria how to judge behaviour of other culture.It is not static and depends on circumstances. There are few standards of universal conduct to evaluate this or that society. The author claims that the problem of cultural relativism results in serious dilemmas for mental health professionals. Actually, psychiatric diagnoses dont involve assessment of cultural development and influence. However, psychiatry is more interested in religious, social and cultural background than other medical checkup fields. Bartholomew assumes that psychiatry is the most contentious medical branch.In psychiatry illness is defined as experiencing living problems, alternatively than discernible cerebral disease that affects human behaviour. The negative moment is that Western medicine is still transmitting social and professional stereotypes constituting its own values and norms. Summing up, the author recommends when to judge whether the person is normal, it is necessary to get present with his social world and cultural background. Works Cited Bartholomew, Robert. Borderlands Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism. Skeptic, 8, 3 (2000) 36-40.

How Technology Affects Teenagers Essay

Technology has changed the way we as humans live it changes our understanding of the way things hammer and changes the way we interact with one another. Technology was one time counteractd but is now somewhat welcomed into our homes. During the spiritual rebirth period, technology was holdd, as the church believed that technology would oppose the beliefs of god. Well they were right. Technology isnt just computers or TVs, its engineering science. And in Science, our goal is to go up and understand everything there is to understand about us, our orbiter and beyond. However, the way we understand and experience this c one timept the intimately(prenominal) is that its just to make our lives much more efficient. When you numerate rough, what do you intoxicate? Just at an crossover in downtown New York or Los Angeles, you see people walking about with cell phones and carrying around laptop cases, others just earreach to music. But then the companies that build these types o f technology requisite to make them better and more efficient. So they appreciation releasing new devices that are smaller and red-hot and mostly more costly.Technology has changed the way we as humans live it changes our understanding of the way things work and changes the way we interact with one another. Technology was once opposed but is now somewhat welcomed into our homes. During the renaissance period, technology was opposed, as the church believed that technology would oppose the beliefs of god. Well they were right. Technology isnt just computers or TVs, its engineering science. And in Science, our goal is to establish and understand everything there is to understand about us, our planet and beyond. However, the way we understand and experience this concept the most is that its just to make our lives much more efficient. When you look around, what do you see? Just at an product in downtown New York or Los Angeles, you see people walking around with cell phones and carr ying around laptop cases, others just listening to music. But then the companies that build these types of technology desire to make them better and more efficient. So they keep releasing new devices that are smaller and windy and mostly more costly.Technology has changed the way we as humans live it changes our understanding of the way things work and changes the way we interact with one another. Technology was once opposed but is now somewhat welcomed into our homes. During the renaissance period, technology was opposed, as the church believed that technology would oppose the beliefs of god. Well theywere right. Technology isnt just computers or TVs, its engineering science. And in Science, our goal is to progress and understand everything there is to understand about us, our planet and beyond. However, the way we understand and experience this concept the most is that its just to make our lives much more efficient. When you look around, what do you see? Just at an intersection in downtown New York or Los Angeles, you see people walking around with cell phones and carrying around laptop cases, others just listening to music. But then the companies that build these types of technology want to make them better and more efficient. So they keep releasing new devices that are smaller and faster and mostly more costly.

Settling the Issue on Christ’s Presence in the Sacrament of the Eucharist

Questioning the Presence of savior saviour in the sacrament of the sanctum sanctorum Eucharist delivery boy savior sh atomic number 18d the Last Supper with his disciples on the night before He was crucified. It was during this thus fart that He introduced the sacrament of His caudex and dead ashes. He instituted the sacrament to bring close to the suffering on the cross through the generations and to let the church take over his Spouse attribute to his resurrection and death. As goes the religious doctrine of Matthew While they were eating, deliverer took cacography, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, Take and eat this is my system.Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink from it, all of you, for this is my parenthood of the covenant, which testament be shed on behalf of many for the for weeness of sins (Matthew 2626-28 Mark 1422-24, Luke 2217-20, 1 Corinthians 1123-25) (Fay 8). Coming from deliverer Christ the Catholic church says that as the Eucharist is celebrated, the organic structure and line of merchandise of saviour will be symbolize with the dent and drink-colored-coloured through the power of the holy place Spirit. The priest serves as the instrument in this celebration.Through out the Eucharist, a priest utters the words deliverer said during His Last Supper and it says I am the living shekels that came atomic pile from heaven whoever eats this scrawl will live forever and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the smell sentence of the world For my flesh is true food for thought, and my blood is true drink (John 651-55) (Fay 8). Jesus Christ is give in including all his divinity, soul, blood and body correspond by the booze-colored-coloured and bread during the Eucharist. Jesus Christ has truly been resurrected after dying for the sins of manity.When church members talk about the actual heraldic bearing of Jesus Christ in the sacrament of the Eucharist , they talk about the other types of his strawman like the booze and bread. His body and blood be the most important symbols of his presence during the sacrament of the Eucharist (Fay 8). body Bringing seat the Meaning of the Eucharist The first point then is how the bread and wine take on Jesus Christs presence. A lot of muckle may question how this happens. The truth of the matter is the church will neer be able to fully explain the closed book behind the rising of the Christ during the sacrament of the Eucharist.Until now, it still remains to be an inexhaustible puzzle that overwhelms the Catholic perform. It must be remembered that the Creator taking place at the identity of idol can do so many things that the imagination of human race can non until now reach or comprehend. God made the world for Him to be able to share His smell to those who are non God (Fay 7). He created the world for the human creations. This act alone is a reflection of His plan of salva tion. It can be clearly seen that with this kind of plan, the kind of wisdom utilise was that kind that does not reach any human cosmoss mind.It is beyond the comprehension of the human mind. Despite all that, God did not blank out His flock in ignorance. Whatever His plans are He forever and a day shared it with his people. He revealed His noble plans to the humanity by giving us the ability to understand the gift of opinion. He in like manner provided us with the grace of the dedicated Spirit. With this, we are now able to understand Gods actions and Gods plans, all of which any human being would never understand in his all told lifetime. Because of the grace of the dedicated Spirit and the gift of belief valet de chambre can now understand Gods mystery (Fay 9).Today, the bishops of the Catholic Church serve as Jesus Christs apostles. The bishops provide the people with acquaintance about Jesus Christ and God. In short, they function as the teachers of the church. B ishops require a better reason of Gods mystery than any other human being on earth. Bishops comprehend the mystery better than anyone who has a better job, higher salary, higher intelligence quotient and even those who draw higher understanding of the different languages in the world. It is only the bishop who can reveal to the people any(prenominal) God has revealed.A bishop also encourages all church goers to make understanding of the mystery of God deeper than it already is. He also promotes a better understanding of the gift of the sacrament of the Eucharist (Fay 13). The question then is how else is the presence of God exists in the sacrament of the Eucharist. non all people understand the mystery of God and especially not everyone is even willing to understand to begin with. The first question would be why, of all symbols, did it have to be food and drink that represent Jesus in the sacrament of the Eucharist?The bread, for deterrent example, is not just a prototype of t he food Jesus and the disciples ate during the Last Supper. The food serves as uncanny nourishment simply because of the whop of Jesus for humanity. It has been said earlier that God has plan for our salvation and with this plan, He is asking us to figure in the life of the Trinity. Because of the food shared during the sacrament of the Eucharist, the people are brought back to the sacrament of Baptism. The manduction of the bread means the sharing of life which starts with a individuals baptism.During the baptism, a human being is joined to Jesus Christ, which, of course, is possible only with the power of the holy place Spirit. Here is where the communion of the Father, of the Son and of the holy place Spirit come in (Pannenberg 293). Because of Baptism, the populace become the adopted sons and daughters of God. This is strengthened through the sacrament of Confirmation. It is increase and nourished through the participation of the human being in the sacrament of the Eucha rist. As a mortal drinks the blood of Christ and eats the Body, Jesus remains in the lives and spirits of the people who took him.This way, the humans are united to Christ and of course to His divinity. Humans are known as with corrupt natures. They are mortal. exactly because of the sacrament of the Eucharist, the humans are joined to Christ and both share the same source of life (Pannenberg 293). harmonise to John 657, Just as the living Father sent me and I have life because of the Father, so also the one who feeds on me will have life because of me. As we are united to Jesus Christ and with the help of the Holy Spirit in us, a relationship is been among the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit and the humans.This relationship is strengthened through Baptism and is deepened with the sacrament of Confirmation. Because of these sacraments, humans are able to share their life with the Holy Trinity. Through the Eucharist, humans give thanks and praise to the glory of God (Pannenberg 293). Another depicted object that needs to be trained is that people are not informed of what the Eucharist is all about. Not all people know that aside from being just a meal, the Eucharist is also a sacred form of sacrifice. The truth is, our sins are the kind of sins that make it impossible for us to share Gods life.Despite all of it, God has shown His love for us by sending His son Jesus Christ to earth to die for our sins. Jesus Christ died and was resurrected from the dead. Because He is an almighty one, He was able to enchant these events and was even able to unite humans to God (Johnson and Penner 305). What the church does now is to gather everyone and commemorate what Jesus Christ has done for us. The Eucharist serves as an instrument to unite everyone in oreder for them to receive the benefits of God (Johnson and Penner 305).According to the book of Hebrews, Jesus Christ, was a priest spent his life creating intercessions for humans before God. Because of this, he is nowhere near the high priests who offered sacrifices in the temples of Jerusalem (Johnson and Penner 305). The powers of high priests are surpassed by Jesus Christs actions because the sacrifice he offered is perfect. The sacrifice he offered was himself (Johnson and Penner 305). In the Eucharist, the eternal sacrifices of Jesus Christ are eternally represented but the people are not just there for speculation. The church goers are not just spectators.They are different levels of activeness in the Eucharistic sacrifice among the pietyping fellowship and the priest (Johnson and Penner 305). in advance the priest stands before the worshipping community, he first has to be ordained. After ordination, he then represents Christ as the head of the Catholic Church. Everyone in the Catholic Church is baptized as a member of the Body of Christ. The Eucharist as a sacrament serves as a sacrifice of the church (Johnson and Penner 307). In the Eucharist, whatever sacrifice Jesus Christ ha s given is also the sacrifice that the members of His body offer.The sacrifice unites everyone. This sacrifice, during the sacrament of Eucharist, becomes sacramentally present. This way, the humans sacrifice themselves to God (Johnson and Penner 307). Then again, after this, people still question the existence of bread and wine in the Holy Eucharist. Another question people ask is why, after considering bread and wine as Christs body and blood, still taste like bread and wine? People are expecting the bread and win during the sacrament of the Eucharist to taste like body and blood of Christ and not just another bread and wine (Johnson and Penner 308).While celebrating the Eucharist, Jesus Christs presence comes in the form of bread and wine. The bread and wine are simply both appropriate for the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. Looking back at the traditional language of theology, especially in the consecration act, the breads and wines substance is transformed by the Holy Spirit i nto Jesus Christs body and blood (Johnson and Penner 308). What channels then, is not the physical appearance and the physical taste of the bread and wine, but the substance and the moment of each instrument.It is then natural that the physical attributes of the bread and wine remain the same (Johnson and Penner 309). Here is where the question of faith comes in. St. Thomas Aquinas coined the terms substance and accidents to study faith. He used the terms to address what appears to be wine and bread (accidents, being the physical attribute of a matter) appears to be Jesus Christs blood and body (now being at its substance state, which represents the deepest possible reality) (Johnson and Penner 313).There is indeed a change at the substance level, the bread being Christs body, and Christs blood coming from wine. Without this transubstantiation, no one would be able to even talk about and think of the presence of Jesus Christ in the sacrament of the Holy Eucharist (Johnson and Penn er 313). The mystery of faith is indeed any(prenominal)thing that humans consider too great for their comprehension, which is why studies and researches are here to better equip the people with full understanding of this concept (Johnson and Penner 313).The mystery of this faith can only be acquired by reading it from the rule book and the Catholic Church because these medium is where God comes for us to remember. Changes come every now and then, and sometimes, the characteristics of these accidents change. In some occasions, even when the substance is already different, the accident still looks exactly the same (Johnson and Penner 315). A good example would be having a child reach the stage of adulthood. When he reaches this stage, it is natural that his characteristics change.He grows taller, he develops an passs apple, he grows muscles and his voice becomes deeper and bigger. Then again, the fact remains that he is still the same centenarian baby who his mother once delivere d (Johnson and Penner 315). Another example would be a grape fruit which a person eats. When he eats the grape fruit, the fruit soon becomes digested and becomes part of the persons body in form of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The person who ate the grape fruit remains as the same person who ate the fruit even before the act.The fruit, on the other hand, has characteristics that are no longer the same. The grape fruit is no longer a grape fruit, but a part of the persons body (Johnson and Penner 315). The same is true with the presence of Christ in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. Even if the wine and the bread in the Holy Eucharist are in the blood and body of Christs substances, these no longer have the characteristics of a person, but only the wine and the bread (Johnson and Penner 315). This is where the question about the limitation of bread and wine comes in.People ask if the bread used during the Holy Eucharist boodle being a bread, and if the wine does not remain to be wine for how long. Yes, the bread does not stay as bread forever, and the wine does the same. Jesus Christ can be present, all of His divinity, soul, blood and body, although the wine and the bread can no longer stay. The wine and the bread has to be given away because if not, there would be no transformation between the bread and the body, or the wine and the blood. The wine and the bread have to be given away in order for them to become Body and Blood (Johnson and Penner 315).Not all people still believe everything they hear and say about the Eucharist. They still question the use of bread and wine. It is really appropriate? Why, of all foods and drinks, does it have to be a bread and a wine? The presence of Jesus Christ and master key God Almighty are indeed appropriate for being represented by bread and wine since Jesus Christ gave himself to humanity and to the world as a whole in a manner that engages the symbol existing in drinking wine and eating bread (Libreria Edi trice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 66).Aside from that, Jesus Christ offered himself to us in such a way that humans are kept alive, because humans sustain their means excerption through drinking and eating, or through wine and bread. The use of wine and bread also tests the faith of a person because the presence of Jesus Christs body and blood can never be discerned whichever way a human tries except for having faith (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 66). St. Bonaventure once said that it is no difficult at all to say that Christ exists in the Holy Eucharist in manner of symbols, breads and wines.The more difficult concept to understand is the whether or not Christ actually exists in the sacrament as He exists up in the heavens (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 67). With faith, humans believe that ye s, Christ in indeed present in the sacrament as well as in heaven. However, given that the use of bread and wine is appropriate, it still is not clear for many because not all people who consume the bread and the wine actually believe in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist.They may attend the Sunday mass on a regular basis, but it does not necessarily mean that they actually worship the Lord, or even understand the ceremony to begin with (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 67). If receiving is delimit as consuming, then naturally, anyone who receives eats the bread and drinks the wine, eats and drinks the body and blood of Jesus Christ. If, on the other hand, receiving is defined as accepting willingly of the body and blood of Jesus, then, someone without faith does not receive the body and blood of Jesus.A person receives the body and blood of Jesus if he is willing to accept the spiritual benefits of the act (Libreri a Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 68). He should also be aware of why he is eating the bread and drinking the wine. He should not be someone who went to the Church just to attend some mass. He should be there to worship the Lord, respect the rituals, listen to the formulate of God and then receive Him through Jesus Christs blood and body (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 68).If a person consumes the wine and bread without faith, he cannot change the fact that he is consuming the blood and body of Jesus Christ. However, the different between having faith and having none is receiving the spiritual benefit that goes together with having faith. The spiritual benefit obtained from receiving Christs body and blood with faith is the communion with Christ. Faith can be practiced by simply following the grace of God. The humans love for God must be increased (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 68).People question the symbolism of wine and bread. Are these foods just symbols that represent the body and blood of Jesus Christ? Symbol is used casually as something that represents another thing. The bread and wine used in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist are not merely symbols, because they do not represent the body and blood of Jesus Christ. They are the body and blood of Jesus Christ. According to St. John Damascene, having the bread and the wine foreshadow Jesus Christ is not underestimation. The bread and the wine are actually Jesus Christ, because according to the Orthodox Faith, Jesus said, This is my body.He did not say, This bread is my body. Therefore, the bread and wine during the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist are not symbols, but the real, actual self of the Lord (OGorman, OGorman and Faulkner 136). It has to be tacit that the body and blood of Jesus Christ arrived on Eart h no longer as the Lords muscles and life, but as a sacramental form. Jesus Christ is not symbolized by the bread and the wine because he is under these things. His presence exists. There are countless ways on how the symbolism of wine and bread, or of drinking and eating, reveals the meaning of the Holy Eucharist.An example would be with the way food provides and ability to the human body. If the food makes the body more nutritious, then it also follows that the Eucharistc food also nourishes the spiritual being of a person. Aside from that, it is already a fact that the sharing of food inside the Church is always communal, in which all members of the Catholic Church eat from the same plate of Jesus Christs body. This way, communion is established, and this communion exists not only between the Church members but also among the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit (OGorman, OGorman and Faulkner 136).St. Paul says that a single bread, once shared by the whole community on a Eucharistic gathering, is a manifestation that the believers of the Holy Spirit are gathered to worship one Lord (OGorman, OGorman and Faulkner 136). The bread and the wine then become an instrument of union among the people of God. Conclusion Jesus Christ has long promised his people that He will always be with His people. In Matthew 2820, he said that he will not leave us as he uttered the words Always, until the end of the age (Price and Weil 136).With that, it is then confirmed that Jesus Christ has a real presence during the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, the relationship between Jesus Christ and the people is just like the relationship of friends who live together, in that there is an unwritten law that friends should never leave each others sides (Price and Weil 136). Jesus Christ has fulfilled His promise by having with us His blood and body which people receive during the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist.